Plaster and Bamboo Below-Knee Artificial Leg

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HealthWiki > Disabled Village Children > Chapter 67: Artificial Legs > Plaster and Bamboo Below-Knee Artificial Leg

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In this chapter:

 

In this chapter:

A village rehabilitation worker fits a young man with a bamboo limb. (PROJIMO)

This simple, low-cost leg was developed for refugees with amputations in Thailand by Operation Handicap International. It is most useful as a temporary limb for learning to walk. However, if the inner (plaster) part of the socket is made with waterproof glue, or is protected from getting wet, the leg can last for a long time.

Steps for making the plaster socket

1. Make a thick “cup” or “cap” of sponge or folded cloth and tape it over the end of the stump (to give it a little extra length).
2. Put a thick, tight-fitting stocking—without seams if possible—over the stump and knee. (Several thin layers of stocking can be used instead of a thick one.)	Pull tight to avoid wrinkles.
Putting holes near the top of the stocking makes it easy for the child to pull it up tight against the skin while the cast is put on.

3. Put a thin plastic bag over the stocking.
4. Put a thin cotton stocking or stockinette over the plastic bag and also pull tight to avoid wrinkles.
5. With the stocking stretched tight, mark the important places with a grease pencil. The pencil marks will print onto the inside of the plaster cast when it is removed.
Note: If you do not have a stocking, you can mold the socket directly on the stump. Shave any hair off the stump and cover it with vegetable oil (for example, coconut or palm oil).

Mark all these places:

FRONT
VIEW

SIDE
VIEW

top of smaller leg bone

bottom end of smaller leg bone

kneecap

middle of kneecap tendon

bump of shin bone where tendon attaches

spot where shin bone gets wider

front edge of shin bone (each side)

bottom end shin bone, front edge

6. Wrap the stump and knee with plaster bandage. Be very careful to put the bandage on evenly and smoothly. (Elastic plaster bandage works best, but is very costly. To reduce costs you can make your own plaster bandages for casting.)
Cast the stump with the knee slightly bent.	Keep the knee at about this angle.

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7. As the plaster dries, hold the stump firmly below the knee.

Press your thumbs on each side of the tendon just below the kneecap. FRONT VIEW BACK VIEW With the heel of the hand, press gently on the muscles on both sides of the leg. With the 2 middle fingers of each hand, press into the hollow behind the knee. Hold the stump like this until the plaster is hard enough to hold its shape.

8. When the cast becomes hard, mark where to cut the top edge (see below).
SIDE VIEW	BACK VIEW
9. To remove the cast, roll the stocking over it. Put your hands over the pressure points (as shown above). Have the child wiggle the stump as you gently pull off the cast.
It may be necessary to cut the cast behind the knee, like this, to get it off.
10. Cut the cast along the line you drew.
1 cm 3 to 4 cm	The dip behind the knee should reach at most ½ cm above a line passing through the mid-point of the kneecap tendon.

Preparing the bamboo post

1. Select a piece of strong, green bamboo a little longer than the good leg from the knee to heel.	bamboo 4 cm to 6 cm thick The joint in the bamboo should be about 2 cm below the end of the stump.
2. Split the bamboo to a little below the level of the stump end. Split into thin strips— each about ¾ cm wide.	Hold the post up firmly in a vise or a log with a hole in it — or however you can.
3. Remove the softer inner layer from each of the thin strips.
4. Spread the bamboo strips around the plaster socket.
5. Position the socket as correctly as you can. Then, with a thin wire, wrap the bamboo tightly against the socket.
6. Put the limb on the stump and have the child stand on it. Check the length. If necessary, cut some off the post.	Cover stump with cotton stocking. Make sure the post is straight or at the same angle as the other leg. If not, loosen the wire and re-adjust until you get it right.
	Note: If child uses a shoe or sandal, be sure to have her wear it when measuring the height of the limb.

7. After trimming the tops of the bamboo strips, cover the outside of the socket with several layers of glue, sawdust, and gauze bandage:
Brush on one layer of glue. Press sawdust on the glue (with gloves). Wrap tightly with gauze bandage. Let it dry. Repeat 5 or 6 times.	glue sawdust
8. Smooth the outside of the socket with sandpaper. Also smooth and round the inner edges at the top.	CROSS SECTION
9. Make a cuff to hold the limb on. (If attached correctly, it should also help keep the knee from over-straightening.)
Fit cuff just above kneecap. Rivet cuff to socket slightly behind mid-line (Mark rivet points with tabs pulled tight when knee is a little bent.)
10. Make a rubber heel—a piece of thick truck tire works well. If you can, cut the tire so that a plug fits inside the bamboo. Cut off bamboo as much as the heel is thick. (Be sure to allow for height of sandal or shoe on other foot.)

11. Have the child stand and walk on the limb for several minutes. Then remove it and look for sore spots on the child’s skin, or signs of too much pressure. Check especially over bony spots. An area that looks pale when the limb is removed and then turns red or dark, is a sign of too much pressure.	bony spurs
12. Scrape shallow pits into the socket from the inside, at the points where it presses over bones. You may also need to build up around the area where pressure occurs.	rasp (file)	(To help you find the right points, it helps to have marked ‘bony spots’ before casting. They will then be printed inside the socket — see "Mark all these places" above.)

If stump presses on bottom of socket, you may need to build up. To build up these spots, dig a few pits into the socket surface so new material will grip better. Fill with a paste of fresh plaster mixed with glue.

the top edge, behind the knee, SIDE VIEW CROSS SECTION

under the kneecap, under the inner side of the knee, and on each side of the shin bone. ' BACK VIEW CROSS SECTION If socket presses on the end of the bone, scrape out a hollow here.

Artificial leg using PVC plastic pipe instead of bamboo

Where plastic PVC water pipe is available, it can be used instead of bamboo. Use a
3 cm (1¼ inch) thick-walled PVC.

1. Measure the tube the same as bamboo, and cut it to form 4 strips.	2. Heat the PVC in an oven until it gets a little soft.	3. Fit the hot PCV around the socket piece and wrap it tightly with a long strip of cloth or rubber until it cools.

4. Fasten PVC firmly to socket with wire or rivets (or both). It is best to attach it temporarily with wire and to have the child try it before you fix it permanently.	5. Cover with sawdust and glue, or with resinbase casting bandage (very expensive) or with fiberglass and resin (also expensive).

Note: For a stronger, water-resistant limb, the socket can also be made with resin-based casting bandage. But this is also expensive.

Lengthening the PVC leg to allow for growth of the child

1. Cut through PVC pipe.

2. Cut a strong hardwood rod or plastic tube that just fits inside the PVC.

3. Cut a ring of PVC pipe as long as the additional leg length needed. (Make it a little extra long to allow for more growth.)		5. Drill holes and screw or bolt leg together tightly.
4. Put the wood rod inside the PVC with the new ring of PVC.

6. When an even longer limb is needed, replace the short ring with a longer one.

7. If necessary, to make the joint stronger, cut a piece of PVC lengthwise, heat it, put it over the leg tube, and attach it tightly.

IMPORTANT! For both below-knee and above-knee limbs, try to line up the limb as well as possible so that its angle is similar to the other leg and feels right when the child stands and steps. Often this requires repeated tries and adjustments. Getting the limb to line up right is the key to successful limb fitting. It helps to learn this from someone skilled at fitting limbs.

This page was updated:25 Nov 2024