View source for Helping Children Who Are Blind:How a child learns to know where she is

{{bctrail|segments=3|chaptitle=Chapter 11: Helping Your Child Know Where She Is (Orientation)}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:How a child learns to know where she is }}
{{SideSupplement|bookabbreviation=hcwab|pagealt=is from <br>pages 102 to 104  of|chapterpdf=http://hesperian.org/wp-content/uploads/pdf/en_hcwb_2000/en_hcwb_2000_11.pdf|bookurl=Helping Children Who Are Blind|booktitle=Helping Children Who Are Blind}}
{{chaptertoc|In this chapter:|
<ul class{{=}}"noprint">
</li>
<li>[[Helping Children Who Are Blind:Chapter 11: Helping Your Child Know Where She Is (Orientation)|Chapter 11: Helping Your Child Know Where She Is (Orientation)]]</li>
<li>[[Helping Children Who Are Blind:How a child learns to know where she is|How a child learns to know where she is]]</li>
<li>[[Helping Children Who Are Blind:Sight|Sight]]</li>
<li>[[Helping Children Who Are Blind:Hearing|Hearing]]</li>
<li>[[Helping Children Who Are Blind:Touch and feeling|Touch and feeling]]</li>
<li>[[Helping Children Who Are Blind:Smell|Smell]]</li>
<li>[[Helping Children Who Are Blind:Other orientation skills|Other orientation skills]]</li>
<li>[[Helping Children Who Are Blind:How the community can help|How the community can help]]</li>
</ul>}}
A child who can see uses her eyes to know where she is and where objects
are. A child who cannot see well needs to know these things too, but she
must learn to use her other senses. When she does, she will be able to
move around her home and later become active in the community. To
learn how to orient herself:
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<table width="100%" style="line-height:110%;">
<td style="padding-left:20px;">''she must learn<br> where her <br>body is in <br>relation to <br>other objects''</td>
<td><div class{{=}}speechbub style="position: relative; width: 200px;">[[Image:HCWB_Ch11_Page_102-1.png|left|220px|alt=a girl thinking as she stands at a closed door.]]
<div style=" position:absolute; left:133px; top:19px; width:55px;">The door is right in front of me.</div></div></td>
<td style="padding-left:20px;">''she must<br> learn where<br> objects are<br> in relation<br> to other<br> objects''</td>
<td><div  class{{=}}speechbub style="position: relative; width: 200px; ">[[Image:HCWB_Ch11_Page_102-2.png|left|220px|alt=the girl thinking as she opens the door.]]
<div style=" position:absolute; left:123px; top:15px; width:75px;">From the door, the woodpile is just ahead, on the right.</div></div></td>
</table>
You can help your child learn orientation skills by: (1) teaching her about her body and the way it can move, (2) helping her develop her senses, which give important information about her surroundings, and (3) thinking about things around your home or neighborhood that she can use as landmarks.
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<div id="bodyawareness"></div>
=== Body Awareness ===
A child learns the names of the parts of her body by watching and
imitating other people. A child who cannot see well will learn the names
of different parts of her body when you teach her to use her sense of
hearing and touch. For activities that help a young baby learn about
her body and develop her senses, see [[Helping_Children_Who_Are_Blind:Chapter_5:_Activities_for_the_Young_Baby_(Birth_to_6_Months)|Chapter 5, “Activities for the Young
Baby.”]] Many of these activities are also good for older children.

====''To help your child learn the names of different parts of her&nbsp;body''====
<div  class{{=}}speechbub style="position:relative; height:250px; width:325px; float:right;">
[[Image:HCWB_Ch11_Page_102-3.png|center|240px|alt=a woman speaking to a child in her lap.]]
<div style="position:absolute; left:190px; top:10px;width:75px;">Can you touch my mouth, Majoya?</div></div>
Make up games in which you ask your child to do things with different parts of her body and with your body. To give you some ideas, here are a few examples:

Ask your child to touch part of her body and<br> then touch the same part on your body.
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<div  class{{=}}speechbub style="position:relative; height:230px; width:450px;float:right;">
[[Image:HCWB_Ch11_Page_103-1.png|right|430px|alt=a man speaking to 2 children lying on the floor.]]
<div style="position:absolute; left:235px; top:19px; width:150px;">Now your stomach is touching the floor. Roll over again, so your back touches the floor.</div></div>
Ask your child to roll over on the floor and name each part of her body as it touches the floor. This is a good group game too.
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<div  class{{=}}speechbub style="position:relative; height:290px; width:325px; float:left;">
[[Image:HCWB_Ch11_Page_103-2.png|center|260px|alt=illustration of the below: a woman speaking to a child with a cloth on her arm.]]
<div style="position:absolute; left:48px; top:29px; width:120px;">Mei Mei, your arms help you carry things.</div></div>
<br /><br />

Wrap a cloth around different parts of your child's body and ask her to take it off. Explain the name for each part of the body and what it does.
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<div class="page-break"></div>
<div  class{{=}}speechbub style="position:relative; height:280px; width:500px; float:right; top:-10px;">
[[Image:HCWB_Ch11_Page_103-3.png|left|420px|alt=a boy helping a child to wave to a man on a motrocycle.]]
<div style="position:absolute; left:5px; top:46px; width:120px;">Raise your arm and wave bye-bye, Alba.</div></div>
<br /><br />

Encourage your child to nod her head, kick, and to wave — and name the body part she uses.
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====''To help your child learn about the relationship between her body and other objects''====
<div  class{{=}}speechbub style="position:relative; height:270px; width:340px; float:right; ">
[[Image:HCWB_Ch11_Page_104-1.png|center|220px|alt=a woman speaking as she shakes a rattle behind a child.]]
<div style="position:absolute; left:25px; top:140px; width:130px;">If she has trouble knowing right from left, tie a ribbon or bracelet on one of her wrists.</div>
<div style="position:absolute; left:68px; top:15px; text-align:center; width:130px;">''Now the rattle is behind you. Can you find it?''</div>
</div>
Your child needs to learn ideas like "in front of you" and "to your left" to know where things are. Here are some ways to help her&nbsp;learn.

Try getting her attention with a noisy toy. Tell her where the toy is — in front, behind, or on the right or left side. Then move the toy, tell her where it is, and see if she can find it herself.
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<div  class{{=}}speechbub style="position:relative; height:240px; width:400px; float:left;">
[[Image:HCWB_Ch11_Page_104-2.png|left|380px|alt=a woman speaking to a child who sits facing a pile of stones.]]
<div style="position:absolute; left:26px; top:15px; width:200px;">Roibita, let's see how many stones you can pick up with your right hand. Then put them on your left knee.</div>
</div>

After she can tell the right side of her body from the left side, hand her different objects and ask her to put them on one side or the other. Gradually make the games harder.
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<div  class{{=}}speechbub style="position:relative; height:250px; width:350px; float:right;">
[[Image:HCWB_Ch11_Page_104-3.png|center|270px|alt=a woman speaking to a child next to a table.]]
<div style="position:absolute; left:62px; top:13px;">I've hidden the ball<br />underneath the table. Let's<br />see if you can find it.</div></div>
<br />

Make up a game in which she gets underneath things (like a table or a bed), on top of things (like a bed), in between or around things (like a table and chairs), through things (like a door) and inside things (like a big box). Explain what each movement is.
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<div  class{{=}}speechbub style="position:relative; height:290px; width:300px; float:left;">
[[Image:HCWB_Ch11_Page_104-4.png|left|270px|alt=a woman speaking as she guides a child who is walking.]]
<div style="position:absolute; left:22px; top:15px; width:65px;">First go forward, then to the left to get your ball...</div>
</div>
<br />

Make up different games in which she must move her body forward, backward, or sideways in order to find a toy. Explain what each movement is. If you make up a song that names each movement, she will remember them better.
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{{Previous and next sections|Chapter 11: Helping Your Child Know Where She Is (Orientation)|Sight}}

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[[en:Helping_Children_Who_Are_Blind:How_a_child_learns_to_know_where_she_is]]
[[fr:Helping_Children_Who_Are_Blind:Comment_un_enfant_append_à_savoir_là_où_elle/il_est]]
[[hr:Helping_Children_Who_Are_Blind:Kako_se_dijete_uči_snalaziti]]
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